See cryminal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "criminal"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "creeminal"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal#Old_French"
],
[
"crīminālis",
"criminalis#Latin"
],
[
"cryme",
"cryme#Middle_English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:criminal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kréymn̥\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krey-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kreimən\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crīmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"criminālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"criminal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cryminal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"cryminal\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "criminal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman criminal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crīminālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin crīminālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cryme",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "cryme + -al",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:criminal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman criminal, from Latin crīminālis; equivalent to cryme + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cremynall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criminall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crimynal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crymynall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
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"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cryminal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cryminal",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "enm:Crime",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to crime or illegal actions; criminal."
],
"id": "en-cryminal-enm-adj-KmL4rZxv",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Relating to crime or illegal actions; criminal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to unjust or immoral actions; wicked, iniquitous."
],
"id": "en-cryminal-enm-adj-kg-oZoSf",
"links": [
[
"unjust",
"unjust"
],
[
"immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Relating to unjust or immoral actions; wicked, iniquitous."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkrimiˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriminal/"
}
],
"word": "cryminal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -al",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Crime",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "criminal"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "creeminal"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal#Old_French"
],
[
"crīminālis",
"criminalis#Latin"
],
[
"cryme",
"cryme#Middle_English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:criminal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kréymn̥\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*krey-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kreimən\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"crīmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"criminālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"criminal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cryminal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"cryminal\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "criminal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman criminal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "crīminālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin crīminālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cryme",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "cryme + -al",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:criminal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman criminal, from Latin crīminālis; equivalent to cryme + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cremynall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criminall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crimynal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crymynall",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cryminal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cryminal",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to crime or illegal actions; criminal."
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"criminal",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Relating to crime or illegal actions; criminal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to unjust or immoral actions; wicked, iniquitous."
],
"links": [
[
"unjust",
"unjust"
],
[
"immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Relating to unjust or immoral actions; wicked, iniquitous."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkrimiˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriminal/"
}
],
"word": "cryminal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cryminal meaning in Middle English (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.